What does the term self-surveillance refer to in sociological discussions of the family?

What does the term self-surveillance refer to in sociological discussions of the family?

• A. External policing by social institutions
• B. A decline in social control
• C. Self-policing of one\'s own behaviour to conform to norms
• D. Government monitoring of family life

Answer: (C)

Self-surveillance is about individuals monitoring and regulating their own behaviour to conform to social norms, rather than relying on external enforcement alone. In families, people internalize expectations—about roles, duties, manners, and gender norms—and continuously police their actions to fit those standards. This reflects how disciplinary power can operate from within: the “gaze” of society becomes an internal guide, so behaviour is controlled by personal conscience as much as by parents, peers, or institutions. The option describing self-policing of one's own behaviour to conform to norms best captures this idea. It differs from external policing, a decline in control, or government monitoring, which are not what self-surveillance refers to.